Pharmacological Actions and Contraindications of Tetracycline

Pharmacological Actions and Contraindications of Tetracycline

Introduction of Tetracycline:

Tetracycline is antibiotics biosynthesized by aureomycin-catalyzed dehalogenation, China Factory Supply High quality Tetracycline Raw Material Powder, Veterinary Medicine Tetracycline antibiotics mainly include oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, methacycline, etc. Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients Tetracycline Powder Aureomycin Antibiotics that catalyze dehalogenation biosynthesis have low toxicity and have been used clinically as early as 1948. It is a broad-spectrum API Raw Material bacteriostatic agent, which has a bactericidal effect at high concentrations. In addition to common Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, most Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, atypical mycobacteria, and spirochetes are also sensitive to this product. Pharmaceutical Intermediates Tetracycline is more effective against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria, but enterococci are resistant to it.
Tetracyclines, such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline, are taken during the period of tooth development and mineralization, which can be combined into the tooth tissue to make the tooth yellowish-brown or dark gray. Later, it was reported that tetracycline deposits in teeth, bones and even nails, and can also cause enamel hypoplasia.
Tetracycline Raw Material Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis is the antibacterial mechanism of action of tetracyclines. By binding to the 30s subunit, it prevents the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, hinders the formation of peptide chains and inhibits bacteria.

Tetracycline uses:
1. Tetracycline can be used as the preferred or selected drug for the treatment of the following diseases:
(1) Rickettsial diseases, including epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, Rocky Mountain fever, scrub typhus, rickettsial pneumonia and Q fever;
(2) Mycoplasma infection such as mycoplasma pneumonia, urethritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum, etc.;
(3) Chlamydia infection, including Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia, psittacosis, lymphogranuloma venereal disease and Chlamydia trachomatis infection;
(4) Relapsing fever caused by relapsing spirochetes;
(5) Brucellosis (need to be used in combination with aminoglycosides);
(6) Cholera;
(7) Tularemia caused by tularemia;
(8) Plague caused by Yersinia pestis.
2. Tetracyclines can also be used for the treatment of tetanus, gas gangrene, yaws, syphilis, gonorrhea, nongonococcal urethritis and leptospirosis who are allergic to penicillin antibiotics.
3. It can also be used for the treatment of acne with significant inflammatory response.

Veterinary Medicine Tetracycline Classification:
Veterinary tetracycline antibiotics are broad-spectrum antibiotics with a naphthacene structure. They are mainly divided into two types: natural and semi-synthetic. Inhibits bacterial growth, weaker (less than penicillins or streptomycins). Veterinary tetracycline antibiotics mainly include oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, methacycline, etc. They each have their own emphasis on the therapeutic effect, and the dosage requirements are also different. Not the same, in the use of different types of livestock, pay attention to follow the doctor's advice or follow the requirements of the product instructions for specific application.

Tetracycline veterinary drug effect:
Although veterinary tetracycline antibiotics have a wide range of effects, care should be taken when using them, and the drug should be administered in an appropriate amount and in a timely manner, because the toxic and side effects of this drug must also be taken into account. The adverse reactions of tetracycline drugs: mainly local irritation, superinfection and damage to the liver, etc. Local irritation is manifested as oral administration of this class of antibiotics, which directly stimulates the mucous membrane of the digestive tract; after intramuscular injection, because its hydrochloride is strongly acidic, it can cause local pain, inflammation, and necrosis; after intravenous injection, it can cause phlebitis and thrombosis . These irritants are strongest with aureomycin, followed by oxytetracycline, and tetracycline is the lightest.

Note on tetracyclines for pigs:
1. Rapid intravenous injection is contraindicated to prevent sudden collapse.
2. Tetracycline cannot be used in combination with penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and other fast-acting bactericidal drugs, so as not to reduce the effectiveness of the latter.
3. It is not advisable to mix and inject with other drugs to avoid precipitation or decrease in efficacy.

Tetracycline Notes for Chickens:
Tetracycline has a relatively large side effect on chickens. It not only stimulates the digestive tract and damages the liver, but also can form complexes with metal ions such as calcium ions and magnesium ions in the chicken digestive tract to hinder the absorption of calcium. The calcium ions in the blood plasma are combined to form insoluble calcium salts and excreted from the body, thereby causing calcium deficiency in the chicken body, thus hindering the formation of eggshells, causing the chickens to produce soft-shell eggs, and the quality of the eggs is poor. rate drops. Therefore, when using tetracycline antibacterial drugs, soybeans, black soybeans and their cakes should not be fed, and feed additives such as stone powder, bone meal, eggshell powder and gypsum should not be fed.

Doxycycline hydrochloride is commonly used in these 7 situations:
1. Bacterial diseases are mostly used in the respiratory tract, such as pleuropneumonia, porcine lung disease and other diseases. The effect of doxycycline hydrochloride + florfenicol + antipyretic drugs is good;
2. Actinomycetes, that is, pustules that can grow in various places on pigs, except Streptococcus pyogenes. Another situation is caused by actinomycetes. Generally, doxycycline hydrochloride is more effective;
3. Common "body" diseases; mycoplasma is also asthma disease, doxycycline hydrochloride + florfenicol (Zhiyuanjing) are both effective;
4. For chlamydia, the first type is abortion of sows and the pearly afterbirth should be considered, and the treatment effect is better with doxycycline hydrochloride; for the second type of conjunctivitis, it is better to use tetracycline eye drops for the eyes;
5. Spirochetes (swine dysentery, etc.) and rickettsia are less used, so I won’t say more;
6. Insects are blood protozoa, that is, we often say that the red body and other diseases, doxycycline hydrochloride administration effect is better;
7. Doxycycline hydrochloride is generally used in the prevention and treatment of sows, the damage is less and the effect is more moderate; doxycycline hydrochloride is mostly used in sucking piglets, often appear after seven days, yellow with white, white in the middle Feces with ash; Fat pigs often have a fever rebound during the dog days, repeatedly.