Synthetic Broad-Spectrum Anthelmintic - Levamisole

Synthetic Broad-Spectrum Anthelmintic - Levamisole

Levamisole Powder is also known as levamisole, levamisole hook roundworm, deworming speed. Levamisole is the levamisole isomer of thiamisole, commonly used as its hydrochloride or phosphate, white or off-white crystalline powder; odorless, bitter taste, very soluble in water, soluble in ethanol hydrochloride, slightly soluble in phosphate. Levamisole CAS 14769-73-4 is a synthetic broad-spectrum anthelmintic, Levamisole Raw Materials is commonly used in the deworming of various animals and is effective against both adult and larval worms. It is also effective against a variety of nematodes, such as ocular parasites.

Levamisole is a synthetic imidazole analogue, a white to gray crystalline powder, which is the levomer of tetraimidazole. levamisole was first discovered in 1966 to interfere with anaerobic metabolic processes in worms, leading to their death, and was then gradually used to eliminate parasites such as roundworms, hookworms and pinworms. In 1980, levamisole was first found to enhance the immune response in mice after infection. Since then, more and more studies have found that levamisole can regulate the body's immune response by regulating the production of antibodies by B cells, inducing cytokine production, scavenging oxygen free radicals, etc. It has good effects in the treatment of infectious diseases, skin diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and allergic diseases.

Indications
Levamisole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic, mainly used for roundworms and hookworms. It can improve the patient's resistance to bacterial and viral infections. It is currently tried as adjuvant therapy after surgery for lung cancer, breast cancer or after chemotherapy for acute leukemia and deteriorating lymphoma. It can also be used for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, as well as epiglottitis, pediatric respiratory tract infections, hepatitis, bacillary dysentery, sores and abscesses. In intractable bronchial asthma, the recent efficacy has been initially demonstrated in a trial 

Side effects
Although levamisole has demonstrated good immunomodulatory effects in animal studies, cellular studies, and clinical practice, excessive doses can induce serious adverse effects. One study found that levamisole overdose can cause adverse effects such as granulocyte deficiency, vasculitis, and EAE. Levamisole can stimulate the body to develop an immune response based on type IV metaplasia, leading to demyelination changes in the white matter of the brain.

There are also similar reports that levamisole alone or as an immunomodulatory agent and adjuvant chemotherapy can cause multifocal white matter demyelinating lesions. Levamisole enhances the sympathetic-like effects of cocaine and is able to act as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist and increase the release of dopamine, but the mechanism is unclear and the process is often accompanied by neutrophil deficiency, partially manifested as leukocyte fragmentation vasculitis, but thrombosis,

hemorrhage and necrosis are all observed in the pathological manifestations. Although levamisole can play a certain immunomodulatory role in clinical application and is used as an adjuvant, its adverse effects should not be ignored, and the hematological indicators such as blood routine and liver function should be closely monitored during the drug administration and the dose should be adjusted in time.