Liraglutide Raw Material Liraglutide Powder

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Levosulpiride Powder Usage and Synthesis.

For the control of blood glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; for patients with poor glycaemic control after treatment with the maximum tolerated dose of metformin or sulphonylurea alone, in combination with metformin or sulphonylurea.

Uses and functions of Levosulpiride.

Liraglutide is like endogenous GLP-1 in that it binds and activates the GLP-1 receptor-1 a cell-surface receptor capable of activating adenylyl cyclase through excitatory G protein Gs coupling.

Endogenous GLP-1 has a half-life of 1.5 to 2 min and is readily degraded by two widely available endogenous enzymes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and neutral peptide chain endonuclease (NEP). Compared to natural GLP-1, liraglutide is more stable, with a plasma half-life of 13 h after subcutaneous administration.

This half-life change is attributed to the structural modification of liraglutide, due to the presence of fatty acid side chains, on the one hand, the hydrophobicity of palmitic acid self-conjugates into a heptamer, slowing down the absorption at the subcutaneous injection site; on the other hand, after absorption into the blood, it increases the binding with plasma albumin, forming a slow-release reservoir that temporarily avoids contact with the endogenous enzyme and slows down the release, so that the time of in vivo absorption and distribution is prolonged, with a significantly longer half-life than that of the The half-life of GLP-1 is significantly longer than that of natural GLP-1.

Pharmacological Effects of Levosulpiride Raw.

1, Liraglutide is a GLP-1 analogue with 97% sequence homology to human GLP-1, which can bind and activate the GLP-1 receptor.

The GLP-1 receptor is the target of natural GLP I. GLP-1 is an endogenous enteric insulinotropic hormone that promotes glucose concentration-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic p-cells. Unlike natural GLP-1, both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of liraglutide in humans are suitable for a once-daily dosing regimen.

Mechanisms responsible for the prolonged duration of action after subcutaneous administration include: self-association that slows absorption; binding to albumin; and high enzyme stability to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CDPP-IV) and neutral endopeptidase (CNEP), resulting in a long plasma half-life.

2. The activity of liraglutide is mediated by its specific interaction with the GLP-1 receptor, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate moss (CAMP).

Liraglutide is able to stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose concentration-dependent mode, while decreasing excessive glucagon secretion in a glucose concentration-dependent mode.

Thus, when blood glucose is elevated, insulin secretion is stimulated while glucagon secretion is inhibited.

In contrast, liraglutide reduces insulin secretion during hypoglycaemia without affecting glucagon secretion.

The hypoglycaemic mechanism of liraglutide also includes a slight prolongation of gastric emptying time. Liraglutide reduces body weight and body fat by reducing hunger and energy intake.

Production method of Bulk Levosulpiride Powder.

The dosage of Levosulpiride may vary between different dosage forms and sizes, please follow your doctor's instructions.

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