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1. Activation: Fe3+ has an activating effect on Pullulanase activity.
2. Inhibition: Cu2+, Ag+, Hg2+, Pb2+ have strong inhibitory effect on Pullulanase activity, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ni2+ also have some inhibitory effect, and other metal ions do not have a significant effect on the enzyme activity.
3. Starch degradation: Pullulanase can decompose branched-chain starch, which makes it widely used in food industry, such as reducing grain consumption, saving cost, reducing pollution, etc.
4. Antidigestible starch preparation: Pullulanase can be used in the biological preparation of antidigestible starch, such as potato starch, corn starch, sweet potato starch for debranching treatment and then paste aging treatment, can increase the content of antidigestible starch.
5. Paper processing: Pullulanase can be used to regulate the structural properties of starch and improve the processing performance of the original starch, such as improving the quality of paper, promoting the regeneration of paper and deinking.
Uses of Pullulanase.
Pullulanase is an enzyme that can specifically cleave the a-1,6-glycosidic bond in the branching point of branched starch and is widely used in the food industry.
Its main uses include:
1) Break down the smallest unit of branched chain to maximize the use of starch raw material;
2) Acting synergistically with other amylases or acting alone to improve food quality, reduce grain consumption, save costs and reduce pollution;
3) Apply in the production of high glucose syrup to improve production efficiency. The industrialized production of Pullulanase is currently monopolized by Denmark, while China is only limited to laboratory research, and the enzyme activity is low.
What is the difference between pullulanase and isoamylase?
| Feature | Pullulanase | Isoamylase |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Source | Often from bacteria like Bacillus species. | Often from bacteria like Pseudomonas species. |
| Definition & Type | A specific debranching enzyme (type I). | A less specific debranching enzyme (type II). |
| Core Substrate & "Signature Cut" | Pullulan. It specifically hydrolyzes the α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in pullulan, producing maltotriose. | Glycogen. It preferentially attacks the α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in amylopectin and glycogen. |
| Action on Amylopectin (Starch) | Cleaves α-1,6 linkages only if the branch chain is long enough (at least 2 glucose units). It cannot hydrolyze a branch point if one of the chains is very short. | Cleaves α-1,6 linkages more extensively, including those closer to the branch point. It is less hindered by short side chains. |
| Key Difference in Action | More selective. It acts like a pruner that cuts the entire side branch off where it meets the main limb. | More comprehensive. It acts like a pruner that can also clear out dense, tangled clusters of small twigs at the base. |
| Industrial Applications | - High Maltose Syrup Production: Crucial for creating syrups with over 80% maltose. - Brewing: Improves wort fermentability and beer clarity by creating more fermentable sugars. - Detergents: Helps remove starchy stains. |
- Analytical Chemistry: Used in labs to determine the fine structure of amylopectin. - Sugar Syrup Production: Often used in combination with pullulanase for maximum starch hydrolysis. |
| Result of Action | Produces long, linear chains (amylose fragments) and maltooligosaccharides. | Produces a higher proportion of short, linear chains and limit dextrins in its pure form. |
| Synergy with Other Enzymes | Works synergistically with beta-amylase. Beta-amylase can produce more maltose when pullulanase has first cleared the branches. | Also works with other amylases, but its broader action can sometimes be less specific for certain desired outcomes. |
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