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Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an oxidised amine organic compound usually found in the tissues of marine organisms belonging to the class of amine oxides, a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients.TMAO increases the expression of TGF-β receptor I, promotes Smad2 phosphorylation, upregulates the expression of α-SMA and collagen I, activates the TGF-βRI/Smad2 pathway, accelerates the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and also contributes to cardiovascular disease by promoting inflammatory responses.
Uses of Trimetlylamine Oxide.
Preparation of Trimetlylamine Oxide.
Product method of Bulk Trimetlylamine Oxide Powder.
100 ml of aqueous trimethylamine solution was mixed with 600 ml of hydrogen peroxide solution and left at room temperature for 24 h. If there was still an odour of the amine, another 100-200 ml of hydrogen peroxide solution was added, and when all the amine was oxidised, it was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallised from an ethanol-ether mixture.
Trimethylamine oxide dihydrate was obtained as long needle-like crystals in 95% yield. The pure anhydrous trimethylamine oxide is sublimated in the cooler neck of the bottle by depressurising to 1.33 to 1.6 kpa and heating to 120°C in an oil bath, slowly ramping up to 150°C, and when the water has been driven off, ramping up to 180°C to 200°C.
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