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Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone drug with peroxy group extracted from artemisinin. The effect of the drug on the ultrastructure of Plasmodium erythropoideum was mainly the change of the structure of plasmodium membrane. The drug first acted on the food vesicles, superficial membranes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and also had some effects on the chromatin in the nucleus. It is suggested that artemisinin's action mode is mainly to interfere with the function of the membrane-mitochondria. It may be that artemisinin acts on the food vesicles, thus blocking the earliest stage of nutrient uptake, causing the parasite to rapidly appear amino acid hunger, rapidly form autophagy vesicles, and constantly expel from the body, causing the parasite to lose a lot of cytoplasm and die. The ingestion of tritium-labeled isoleucine by P. falciparum cultured in vitro also suggested that its initial action might be to inhibit protozoan protein synthesis.
Uses of Artemisinin.
Artemisinin is used as an antimalarial drug. Clinical application has proved that artemisinin and its derivatives have specific effects on malaria and falciparum malaria, especially artemisinin (Artemtherin), which is stronger than other artemisinin-based drugs in reducing plasmodium cell asexuality. It has the advantages of high efficiency, quick effect, low toxicity and no cross resistance to chloroquine. It can be used not only for treatment, but also for first aid. It is suitable for all kinds of malaria, such as falciparum malaria, vivax malaria, anti-chloroquine malaria and cerebral malaria. Including the dangerous type. The most notable is dihydroartemisinin and its tablets. The drug is 10 times more effective than artemisinin in antimalarial treatment, and the recurrence rate is only 1.95%. Therefore, it was named as China's top ten scientific and technological achievements in 1992. Artemisinin and its derivatives are not only an excellent antimalarial drug, but also potentially attractive in the treatment of other diseases. The animal experiments showed that artemisinin-based treatment of clonorchis sinensis in mice, the eradication rate can reach 100%; Treatment of animal schistosomiasis, the eradication rate reached 33.8-99.3%. The total effective rate of artemisinin in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus was 90%. In the treatment of dengue fever, the efficacy is significantly better than morpholine biguanide and other western drugs. Immunologists also found in the study that artemisinin can significantly improve the conversion rate of lymphocytes and enhance the immune function of antibodies. No toxic effects on heart, liver and kidney were found. There were no obvious side effects in clinic.
Pharmacological action of Artemisinin.
Product Method of Bulk Artemisinin Powder.
It is extracted from the leaves of the Chinese herb Artemisia annua (Artemisia annua L, compositaceae). In addition to artemisinin, artemether and sodium artemisate are also produced in China.
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