Food Additive L-Carnitine Base Powder

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L-Carnitine Base Powder Usage and Synthesis.

L-carnitine is a vitamin-like substance that encourages the conversion of fat into energy and has no toxic side effects on the human body.

The most prominent physiological function of L-carnitine is that it acts as a carrier for fatty acid transport, transferring medium and long chain fatty acids in the form of acetyl carnitine from outside the cellular mitochondrial membrane to the inner membrane, where they are oxidised in the mitochondrial matrix to produce energy.

For example, it seems to be a forklift, can shovel up fat into the fuel furnace to burn to provide energy, acted as a fat to the mitochondria of the "porter", is internationally recognised as a safe and non-toxic fat loss of nutrient-enhancing agents, the international recommendation of 1-5 grams of L-carnitine consumption is more suitable.

It is especially suitable for people to do aerobic exercise to reduce fat, with obvious effect. L-carnitine is produced in the liver and kidney of human body and stored in muscle, semen, brain and heart.

Uses and functions of L-Carnitine Base.

L-carnitine is a newly approved food fortifier in China. It is mainly used to fortify soybean-based baby food and promote the absorption and utilisation of fat.D-type and DL-type have no nutritional value.

China stipulates that it can be used in biscuits, drinking liquids and milk beverages with the use amount of 600-3000mg/kg; in solid beverages, drinking liquids and capsules with the use amount of 250-600mg/kg; in milk powder with the use amount of 300-400mg/kg; and in infant formula food with the use amount of 70-90mg/kg (in terms of L-carnitine, 1g of tartaric acid salt is equivalent to 0.68g of L -Carnitine).

Promotes fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria and achieves other biochemical functions including acetyl buffering and maintenance of adequate coenzyme A concentrations in mitochondria under anaerobic conditions, stimulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and stimulation of ATP export from mitochondria under sustained muscle exercise. Used for healthy animal growth.

Characteristic of L-Carnitine Base.

White crystal or transparent powder, melting point 200°C (decomposition). Freely soluble in water, alkali, methanol and ethanol, insoluble in acetone and acetate, insoluble in trichloromethane. Has hygroscopicity. Rabbit oral LD502272-2444mg/kg, ADI 20mg/kg.

Product Method of Bulk L-Carnitine Base Powder.

(1) Extraction method.

Naturally occurring in a variety of meats and milks, L-carnitine can be extracted directly from L-carnitine-containing beef and cow's milk. Literature reports that 0.6g of crystalline carnitine can be obtained from 450g of beef extract and 100g of lactose powder containing 2% L-carnitine can be extracted from 56kg of cow's milk.

However, the cost of the extraction method is better and less reasonable economically.

(2) Microbial fermentation method.

Studies have shown that L-carnitine is also present in many microorganisms, and L-carnitine can be accumulated by using microorganisms such as yeast, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus and other microorganisms liquid deep culture or solid fermentation. However, due to the complexity of strain screening, the current level of fermentation is still relatively low.

It was reported that 2% DL-carnitine was used as raw material, fermented at 25°C for 44h, and accumulated L-carnitine 0.4%.

(3) Synthetic method.

There was a patent report of DL-carnitine synthesis in 1953 in foreign countries, and there has been industrial production in the 1960s. Domestic production and application as a gastric drug was also available in 1982. Directly from DL-carnitine, L-carnitine was obtained by chemical splitting using camphoric acid, N-acetyl-D-glutamic acid or ethylbenzoyl-L-(+)tartaric acid as splitting agents.

However, D-carnitine racemisation is more difficult and cannot be recycled, and breakthroughs are still needed for industrial production.

(4) Enzymatic conversion.

This is the most researched and the most promising method. Enzymes of microbial origin can be used for selective hydrolysis and splitting. For example, Qing Nakayama used the amidase of Pseudomonas and other microorganisms to selectively hydrolyse DL-carnitine amide or carnitine nitrile, and L-carnitine with optical purity of more than 99% could be produced.

In addition, L-carnitine can be prepared by enzymatic conversion of β-dehydrocarnitine, enzymatic hydrolysis of trans-croton betaine and enzymatic hydroxylation of γ-butyl betaine.

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