Bulk Glutathione Raw Powder

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Glutathione Powder Usage and Synthesis.

Glutathione is a tripeptide compound formed by the condensation of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine through peptide bonds, and it is the most important low molecular thiol for antioxidant stress in mammalian cells.

Discovered in 1921, the chemical structure was determined in 1930, the famous American nutritional health care expert Dr. Al Mindell called glutathione as the triple effectiveness of anti-aging amino acids, also known as nature's antioxidant master, the appearance of colourless transparent elongated granular crystals, soluble in water, dilute alcohol, liquid ammonia, dimethylformamide, insoluble in ethanol, ether, acetone.

Its properties are stable when solid, and its aqueous solution is easily oxidised to oxidised glutathione in air. It is widely found in baker's yeast, wheat germ, animal liver, chicken blood, pig's blood, tomato, pineapple and cucumber, with the highest content in wheat germ and animal liver, which is as high as 100~1000mg/100g.

It has the functions of antioxidant, scavenging free radicals, detoxification, enhancing immunity, delaying aging, anticancer and anti-radiation hazards. It also helps white blood cells to kill bacteria, prevents oxidation of vitamins C and E, and prevents stroke and cataract formation. In addition, glutathione has the effect of binding carcinogens and excreting them out of the body through urine.

Uses and functions of Glutathione.

Endogenous antioxidants that play an important role in the reduction of reactive oxygen species formed during cellular metabolism and burst respiration.

Glutathione-S-transferase catalyzes the formation of glutathione sulfide ethers with xenobiotics, leukotrienes and other molecules with electrophilic centres. Glutathione also forms disulfide bonds with cysteine residues in proteins. Through these mechanisms, it can have the curious effect of reducing the potency of anticancer agents.

Reduced glutathione is a small molecule peptide found in large quantities in living organisms, especially in liver cells, where it protects liver cell membranes, promotes hepatic enzyme activity, and acts as a detoxifier by binding to numerous toxic chemicals. It has good curative effect on liver injury caused by various reasons such as drug poisoning, alcohol poisoning and cirrhosis.

It has the functions of antioxidant, scavenging free radicals, detoxification, enhancing immunity, delaying aging, anticancer, anti-radiation hazards and so on.

Physical and chemical properties of Glutathione.

The molecular weight of glutathione is 307.33, the melting point is 189～193℃(decomposition), the crystal is colourless transparent elongated column, the isoelectric point is 5.93.It is soluble in water, dilute alcohol, liquid ammonia and methyl formamide, but insoluble in alcohol, ether and acetone.

Only GSH is physiologically active in organisms, and GSSG needs to be reduced to perform its important physiological functions.

GSH is not easy to be preserved under high water activity, and can only be preserved stably for a long time if the water activity is controlled below 0.3. Some studies have shown that in aqueous vitamin C solution containing GSH (pH 3.3), GSH in the solution will not be oxidised to GSSG due to the strong reducing effect of vitamin C, but its decomposition speed is accelerated; and GSSG present in aqueous vitamin C solution will not be converted to GSH, and its preservation stability is very good.

And GSSG ingested orally can be reduced to GSH in the upper part of the small intestine, and absorbed on the surface of small intestinal epithelial cells by the action of γ-GTP (which breaks down GSH into glutamate and Cys-Gly) and dipeptidyl peptidase, which can also play its important physiological functions.

Glutathione is widely found in animals and plants, and its content in baker's yeast, wheat germ and animal liver is very high, up to 100~1000mg/100g; it is also abundant in human and animal blood, such as 26~34mg/100g in human blood, 58~73mg/100g in chicken blood, 10~15mg/100g in pig's blood, 14~22mg/100g in dog's blood. GSH is also found in many vegetables, potatoes and cereals.

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